• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    seeder is a seeder utilizing individual seed feeder motor drives in each row. Motor controllers controls each seed doser motor drive motor. Each single row seed feeder can be individually commissioned, shut down and operated at a single rate. Before planting, the meters can be operated to fill the dosers and ensure that the donors are prepared and ready to begin seed dropping as soon as the sower begins to seed. When a seed supply system is used with each feeder to move seed from the feeder to the soslo, the supply system is also seeded prior to seed operation.
    公开号:BR102012009653B1
    申请号:R102012009653-6
    申请日:2012-04-24
    公开日:2018-02-14
    发明作者:R. Peterson James；Jr.；Silbernagel Carl；E. Frasier Michael；J. Rylander Dave
    申请人:Deere & Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) Title: SEEDING MACHINE (51) Int.CI .: A01C 5/06; A01C 7/08 (30) Unionist Priority: 25/04/2011 US 13/093037 (73) Holder (s): DEERE & COMPANY (72) Inventor (s): JAMES R. PETERSON, JR .; CARL SILBERNAGEL; MICHAEL E. FRASIER; DAVE J. RYLANDER “SEEDING MACHINE”
    Field
    A sowing machine, such as a seeder, and a method of operating the sowing machine, are exposed.
    Foundations
    Agricultural seeders are designed to sow crops, such as corn, soybeans, cotton, peanuts and other crops. Seeders typically have a width of 12 or more rows. The total width of these seeders requires that they have flexible frames to follow the contour of the soil and fold to a narrower transport width. Row units on a seed drill will typically include, among other components, a seed feeder. Seed dispensers play a central role in the precise placement of seeds within the soil. The placement of precise and accurate seed is a factor in crop production, which in turn is a factor in the farm's profitability.
    Seed feeders are usually driven by mechanical or hydraulic-mechanical systems and can include numerous complex drive currents and drive shafts to transmit energy from a central power source to individual row units. The sowing frame's flexibility and folding characteristics still complicate the mechanical energy distribution. From a manufacturing perspective, these systems require a significant amount of manual assembly, reducing manufacturing efficiency and increasing seeder costs. From a sower performance perspective, these systems have significant clearance, completion and compliance with manifests in the variability of rotation of the seed metering device and finally have a negative influence on the precision and accuracy of seed placement. With these mechanically driven systems, as the sowing speed increases, the accuracy of seed placement decreases.
    Timely planting or sowing is also critical for crop production and farm profitability. An optimal narrow window for planting occurs with each planting season. Paradoxically, although it is important to limit the planting speed for proper seed placement, it is equally important to increase the planting speed for sowing within the optimum time available.
    In addition to seed placement problems, it may also be desirable, for agronomic reasons, to sow individual rows at different rates of varying rates. Planting at a variable rate in each row using a centralized mechanical or hydromechanical energy source becomes very complex and impractical. In the best case, variable rate drive systems are practical in multiple row sections, not the individual row unit. To be practical, an adjustment of the rate of a row unit to a variable or individual rate must be possible in the passage, that is, while the seeder is in operation.
    Some crops are planted in double rows in which the seeds are planted in pairs of rows spaced relatively close together, with greater spaces between the pairs. Because of the row spacing of the double rows, the double row units are spaced at the front and rear where one of the two is placed in front of the other in relation to the seeder frame. Agronomically, because of the narrow spacing between the double rows, it is desired to stagger or synchronize the placement of the seeds in the double pair. Seed doser synchronization is a population function. That is, when the population changes, the synchronization relationship between the double feeders also changes. In a mechanically driven system, the synchronization ratio is altered by the mechanical adjustment of the double feeders in relation to each other. To adjust the double rows in the passage is an extremely complex and impractical task. The current method is to stop planting and manually adjust one or both seed dosers for each double pair.
    Crop input costs also affect the farm's profitability. As input costs increase, and when farm sizes increase, the economic impact of waste becomes significant. Seed costs are an example of inputs that continue to increase. With seeders, seed waste occurs due to the spread of seed over the soil in the filling of the doser seed discs before planting, exceeding the target population at the start of the dosers, delay in stopping the dosers and excessive planting in the areas of smallest population. Similarly, the farmland is not fully utilized if there are hops in the field where the seed is subplanted or simply not planted. Mechanical or hydromechanical drive systems can be identified as a cause of this waste.
    Electrically driven seed dispensers can be useful in overcoming some of the above problems. An example of such a drive is seen in US Patent No. 4,928,607. Another example is in WO 2008/135772, which shows individual row units with their respective unit motor controller and a master controller. These provide independent control of the motors, as shown in US Patent No. 7,395,769.
    summary
    The seeder described below uses individual seed metering motor drives in each row unit. Row unit motor controllers individually control each seed metering drive motor. The row unit's motor controller receives commands from, and sends information back to, a central master controller. Through the communication system between the motor controllers of the row unit and the master controller, each individual row seed feeder can be individually started, stopped and operated at a single rate. Before planting, the feeders can be operated to fill the feeders and ensure that the feeders are prepared and ready to start seed fall as soon as the sower starts the operation.
    Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of a row unit of the seeder;
    Figure 2 is a perspective view of the row unit seed hopper, hopper and feeder drive;
    figure 3 is an enlarged view of the seed and drive feeder for the feeder;
    figure 4 is a schematic view of the control system; figure 5 is a side view of another seed row unit having a seed feeder and seed delivery system; and figure 6 is a cut-away view of the seed dispenser and supply system of figure 5 illustrating its internal components. Detailed Description
    With reference to figure 1, a sowing machine is shown in the form of a row crop seeder 10. Seeder 10 includes a tool bar 12 as part of a seeder frame 14. The frame includes a tongue 16, by means of of which the sower is attached to a tractor, not shown. Supporting the seeder frame 14 are three sets of wheels that engage the ground. The central assembly has four wheels 18, while a left assembly has two wheels 20 and the right assembly has two wheels 22. Mounted on the tool bar are multiple planting row units 24. Row units 24 are typically identical for a given sower, but need not be identical. A row unit 24 is shown in greater detail in Figure 2. Row unit 24 is mounted on the tool bar 12 by U-bolts 26. Row unit 24 is provided with a central frame element 28 that has one for with arms extending upwards 30 at the front end thereof. The arms 30 connect to a parallel connection system 31 for mounting the row unit 24 on the tool bar 12 for relative up and down movement between the row unit 24 and the tool bar 12, in a known manner .
    Seed is stored in the seed hopper 34 which receives seed from a central source via tube 38. Alternatively, a larger seed hopper can be provided in each row unit. Seed flows from hopper 34 to a seed feeder 36. Seed feeder 36 works to separate seed from hopper 34 and supply individual seeds to a seed tube (not shown). The seed falls through the tube and falls from its open lower end, positioned just above a seed ditch formed by a ditch opener 42. Ditch opener 42 includes a pair of discs 44 that are mounted on inclined axes between so that the disks 44 are at a point on the lower front portion of the disks. The seed tube is positioned between a rear portion of the two discs 44 of each ditch opener. A gauge wheel 50 is positioned on the outer side of the opener discs 44 and positioned slightly behind the discs 44. The gauge wheels 50 are fitted snugly to the row unit frame by means of arms 52 that allow adjustment of the vertical position of the 50 gauge wheels in relation to the opener discs 44. This establishes the depth at which the openers are inserted into the soil, that is, the depth of the seed ditch. After the seed falls through the seed tube 38 into the ditch, a pair of closing wheels 54, positioned behind the 40 gauge wheels, closes the ditch over the seed. The row unit described above is an example. Other structures and arrangement of openers, gauge wheels, seed doser, seed tube, etc. are known and can be used in place of those shown and described above.
    With reference to figure 3, an alternative arrangement of the row unit is shown. Here, instead of a large seed hopper 34, a smaller mini hopper 35 is shown, mounted on the seed feeder 36. The seed hopper 35 is mounted next to the seed feeder housing 36. Mounted on the hopper, by support 62, there is an electric motor
    66. The engine output shaft is contained in a cylindrical portion 68 of the engine housing and is connected to drive input 70 of gearbox 72. Gearbox 72 is the same or similar to the gearbox shown in the US patent. 6,715,433 and incorporated herein for reference. The gearbox outlet 72 is coupled to the seed metering shaft to drive the seed metering. The seed metering 36 shown is a vacuum metering having a rotating metering disk as shown in US patent 5,170,909, also incorporated herein for reference. Other types of feeders can be used, such as a finger picker, a belt feeder, etc.
    The row unit 24 is provided with a motor 66. By means of the separate control of each motor 66, each seed meter can be operated independently and at a different speed from the other seed feeders. A control system 80 for the seed metering motors is shown in figure 3. A master seed metering controller 82 is connected by a busbar 84 to each of the single row unit motor controllers 88. The first twenty and four row unit motor controllers are connected to the master controller by busbar 84. An additional busbar 90 couples additional row unit motor controllers to master controller 82. Additional controllers and communication busbars can be added up to capacity of master controller 82. Master controller 82 communicates individual seed population commands to each of the row unit motor controllers 86, 88.
    A communication header 92 connects a main seed monitor 94 and an auxiliary seed monitor 96 to the master seed metering controller 82. Seed monitor 94 is connected via a header bar 98 to seed sensors 100. Up to twenty-four seed sensors 100 are provided with a seed sensor 100 for each row up to twenty-four having a sensor 100. Additional speed sensors 102 for additional rows in addition to 24 are connected via header bar 104 to the seed monitor auxiliary 96. Seed sensors 100 and 102 are typically positioned over seed tubes 38 of each row unit and detect the seed passage and produce an output signal in response to it. The seed monitor 94 and auxiliary seed monitor 96 receive and process the output signals from the seed sensors and communicate this information to the virtual terminal 106, preferably positioned in the cab of the tractor that pulls the seeder. The seed sensor information is also communicated to master controller 82 for use in controlling the operation of individual motor controllers 86, 88. If desired, the signal processing functions of seed monitors 94 and 96 can be integrated into the controller master 82.
    Seeder speed information is further provided for the seed metering master controller 82 by a left speed sensor 110 and a right speed sensor 112. The left and right speed sensors can be rotary encoders attached to the left and right ground wheels. right 20, 22 of the sower. Other types of speed sensors can also be used, such as ground radar, position and time data from global positioning satellites, etc. The information speed is used by the master controller to drive the individual row unit motor controllers to provide the desired seed population. In addition, the difference between the left speed sensor and the right speed sensor is used to determine a curved path of the seeder. Since the outer row units will travel a greater distance on a curve than the inner row units, the master controller will command a faster speed for seed feeders in the outer row units than the speed in the inner row units. to maintain a desired row spacing for each row. The use of individual seed feeder electric motor drives allows the speed of each seed feeder to be adjusted as the seed path changes, to maintain the desired seed spacing for each seed row. Such precise control of seed spacing was not previously possible with the use of a common mechanical or hydraulic-mechanical seed metering drive.
    Other feeds to the seed metering master controller 82 include vehicle positioning information via a global positioning system 114 or another local positioning system. Field map information 116 is also provided for the seed metering master controller. Field map information 116 can include field boundaries, waterways, pastures and other areas that should not be sown, as well as seed prescription information related to the desired or optimal seed population for particular areas of the field. For example, when soil types vary, different seed populations may be desired. With the electronic control of the seed metering drive motors 66, the seed population can be varied according to the prescription and implemented by the master controller in the passage when the seed is moved through the field. Another use of seed rate adjustment in the passage may be to increase the seed population in rows adjacent to the edge of the field that receive a greater amount of sunlight and thus have a greater production capacity.
    Seed doser 36 has a dosing element, such as a disk shown in the previously mentioned US patent 5,170,909. The disc has a plurality of openings that extend through the disc between its opposite sides. In the doser housing, a seed set is provided adjacent to the side of the disc close to the lower portion of the disc. A reduced air pressure, or vacuum, is provided on the opposite side of the disc. As the disc rotates, seeds are adhered to the openings by the vacuum or air pressure differential. Once when the seeds on the disc are rotated to a drop location, the vacuum is ended and the seeds fall from the disc inside the seed tube 38. At the beginning of planting, the seed disc in the seed doser is first filled with seeds. This is accomplished by first turning on the vacuum, then turning on the seed discs. When the sower is then placed in the soil, seed can be immediately dispensed, rather than being propelled by several feet or meters in the field before the disc is filled and seeds start to fall into the seed tube. With the previous mechanical drive systems, it was necessary to rotate the discs and allow some seeds to be spread to the soil from one meter, while the dosers were operated to ensure that all the dosers were filled or prepared with seed. With the seeder shown, having individual row electric motors to drive the feeders, it is possible to prepare the feeders, and as soon as the first seed falls and is detected by the associated speed sensor 100, this feeder is stopped. This prevents seed spreading while the other feeders are being prepared.
    Although this process of preparing the dispenser has been described in the context of a vacuum dispenser with a disk, it is necessary to prepare other types of dispensers as well as such as a finger pick dispenser, belt dispenser, etc. Each type of feeder collects seed from a set of seeds and moves the seed to a discharge site where the seed is discharged from the feeder. Although the sowing machine has been described in the context of electric motors to drive the seed dispenser, it will be appreciated that hydraulic, pneumatic or other motors, capable of being electrically controlled, can be used here.
    With reference to figures 5 and 6, a portion of another row unit is shown. A seed feeder 136 is shown, associated with a seed supply system 138. Seed feeder 136 is driven by an engine 140, while supply system 138 is driven by an engine 142. Engine 142 is connected to the system delivery unit 138 via a right angle drive 144. The seed feeder, delivery system, and motors are supported by a multifaceted mounting bracket 146 which is coupled to a row unit frame, such as frame 28 shown in figure 2. The seed feeder and delivery system are adapted to move across a field in the direction indicated by arrow 147. Feeder motors 140 and delivery system motors 142 are controlled by a control system, such as the one shown in figure 4, with appropriate adaptation to operate two motors per row unit. As will be immediately apparent, the motors can be electric motors or other types of motors, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, etc., which are capable of electronic control.
    Seed doser 136 includes a seed dosing element 150 having a side wall 152 with an arrangement of openings 154 extending through side wall 152. A set of seeds is contained by the seed doser housing 156 and the inner surface side wall 152 in a lower portion thereof. Seed 160 from the seed assembly is adhered to the inner surface of the sidewall 152 as a result of the vacuum being applied to the outer side of the sidewall. When the dosing element 150 rotates, as shown by arrow 162, seed is transported upward from the seed assembly to an upper portion of the dosing element where the seed is released in a release position 164. In the release position, the seed is picked up by the supply system 138.
    The delivery system includes a housing 170 having an opening 172 at the upper end and an opening 174 at the lower end. Inside the housing, pulleys 176 and 178 support and drive a brush belt 180. The brush belt has a plurality of bristles 182, within which the seed 160 is inserted in the release position 164. The seed 160 is then carried by the brush 180, the lower end of which is discharged through the lower opening 174. A seed sensor 184 on the delivery system housing detects the seed 160 when the seed passes through the seed sensor 184.
    In the seed metering preparation operation, the seed metering is operated to fill the openings 154 of the metering element 150 between the seed assembly and the release position 164. In addition, the delivery system 138 is operated to fill the seed brush, so that when the sowing machine starts a planting operation for seed sowing by movement on the soil, seed 160 is immediately discharged from the supply system 138. During the operation of the sowing machine, the brush belt 180 is operated at an appropriate speed to communicate a horizontal backward speed to the seed 160 approximately equal to the travel speed in front of the sowing machine. Thus, the speed of the brush belt 180 is a function of the travel speed in front of the seeder. The speed of travel of the sowing machine and the spacing sown in the soil determine the number of seeds and the spacing of the seeds on the belt. Since sensor 184 is spaced above aperture 174, the dispenser and delivery system are operated in the preparation process so that a predetermined number of seeds will be contained in the brush belt 180 between sensor 184 and aperture 174. A desired travel speed and the seed population are fed into the control system by the operator. Thus, when preparing the dispenser and delivery system, the dispenser and brush will be operated after the first seed is detected by a predetermined number of seeds to fill the brush.
    After planting, when the sower 10 is switched off, that is, the vacuum is turned off for the row units, the seed adhered to the inner surface of the dosing element 150 will fall from the dosing element to the seed set at the bottom of the dosage. It will be necessary to remove the seed on the brush belt of the delivery system. This can be accomplished by operating the seed supply and discharge system 160 on the ground. To avoid waste of seed, the delivery system is operated in reverse, taking the seed through the upper opening 172 back into the seed doser where it falls into the seed set.
    Having described the sowing machine, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Sowing machine adapted to be moved over the soil in a planting operation, to plant seed, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a row unit having a ditch opener, seed feeder, and a motor to drive the seed feeder; and a control system including a seed sensor associated with the seed doser, the control system adapted to operate the engine, prior to the operation of the sowing machine for planting seed, to drive the seed doser in a preparation operation for fill the seed feeder with seed and to stop the engine in response to the seed being detected by the associated seed sensor, so that at the beginning of a planting operation by moving the sowing machine over a field, seed is immediately discharged from the seed doser.
    [2]
    2. Sowing machine, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a seed supply system for the seed feeder, the seed supply system adapted to retain and move seed between the seed feeder and the soil;
    a delivery system engine to drive the seed delivery system; and wherein the control system is adapted to operate the delivery system engine during the preparation operation to drive the delivery system to fill the delivery system with seed and to shut down the delivery system motor in response to the seed being detected by the associated speed sensor.
    [3]
    3. Sowing machine according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the control system paralyzes the delivery system engine in the preparation operation after a predetermined number of seeds has been detected.
    [4]
    4. Sowing machine according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the control system is adapted to operate the supply system in reverse to resume seed retained by the supply system back to the seed doser.
    [5]
    5. Sowing machine adapted to be moved over the soil in a planting operation to plant seed, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a plurality of row units, each row unit having a ditch opener, seed feeder, a feeder motor to drive the seed feeder, a seed delivery system adapted to retain and move seed between the seed feeder and the soil and a supply system engine to drive the seed supply system; and a control system adapted to simultaneously operate each seed metering engine and each supply system engine to drive each seed metering device and each seed supply system during the movement of the sowing machine on the ground, the control system further adapted to operate each supply system engine while not operating each seed meter engine to remove seed trapped in the supply system.
    [6]
    6. Sowing machine according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the control system operates each engine of the supply system in reverse to remove seed retained in the supply system by the seed return to the seed feeder.
    1/5
    2/5
    3/5
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2517545A1|2012-10-31|
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    US20150020721A1|2015-01-22|
    RU2012114322A|2013-10-20|
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    AR086046A1|2013-11-13|
    ES2496452T3|2014-09-19|
    BR102012009653A2|2013-06-04|
    CN102754545A|2012-10-31|
    CN102754545B|2015-12-02|
    US8850997B2|2014-10-07|
    US9398739B2|2016-07-26|
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    法律状态:
    2013-06-04| B03A| Publication of an application: publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention|
    2017-12-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2018-02-14| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/093,037|US8850997B2|2011-04-25|2011-04-25|Planter and method of operating a planter with individual meter control|
    US13/093037|2011-04-25|
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